Antiperspirant composition

ABSTRACT

An antiperspirant composition containing: (a) at least one dialkyl carbonate corresponding to formula I:  
                 
 
wherein R 1  and R 2  represent a linear or branched, alkyl and/or alkenyl, group containing from about 16 to 60 carbon atoms, and n and m, independently of one another, represent a number up to 100; (b) at least one antiperspirant component; (c) optionally, a wax component other than the dialkyl carbonate; and (d) optionally, an oil component, and wherein the composition contains less than about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of water.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to water-free antiperspirant compositionscontaining long-chain C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkyl carbonates and antiperspirantcomponents.

PRIOR ART

Antiperspirant compositions are known to experts in many differentforms. The antiperspirant components normally used are astringentsubstances, for example aluminium and/or zirconium salts. Thecompositions are marketed as sprays, roll-on preparations, sticks orcreams. Corresponding formulations are described by S. Plechner inCosmetics: Science and Technology, “Antiperspirants and Deodorants”(Eds. M. S. Balsam and E. G. Sagarin, 1972), Vol. 2, pages 373-416, andin Cosmetics Science and Technology Series: “Antiperspirants andDeodorants” (Ed.: Karl Laden), 2nd Edition, pages 233-258 and 327-356.

In recent years, water-free cream and stick preparations have becomeincreasingly popular on the cosmetics market. Fatty alcohols, such ascetearyl, stearyl and behenyl alcohol for example, and hydroxyfattyacids, for example 12-hydroxystearic acid, are often used as a so-calledwax base in water-free antiperspirant sticks and so-called soft solidformulations. Corresponding stick preparations are disclosed, forexample, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,603, U.S. Pat. No. 4,126,679 and EP 117070.

Water-free stick preparations containing volatile silicone oils have thedisadvantage that the dispersed active components lead to visibleproduct residues on the skin and clothing. If pressure is applied duringapplication, “oiling out” (syneresis) often occurs and reduces thecosmetic acceptance of the preparations among users. In addition, thefatty alcohol base leaves the skin with an unsatisfactory feeling andfrequently causes dermal irritation, even if the other emollients areoptimally selected.

The problem addressed by the present invention was to develop water-freeantiperspirant formulations with improved sensory properties anddermatological compatibility which would lead to reduced residueformation (“white residue”) on skin and clothing. Another problemaddressed by the invention was to improve the particle fineness andsmoothness (structure) and also the long-term storage stability of theformulations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has been found that long-chain C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkyl carbonatessignificantly improve the product properties of water-freeantiperspirant formulations.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to water-free antiperspirantpreparations containing

-   (a) at least one dialkyl carbonate corresponding to formula (I):    -   in which R¹ and R² represent a linear or branched alkyl and/or        alkenyl group containing 16 to 60 carbon atoms and n and m        independently of one another stand for 0 or for numbers of 1 to        100, and-   (b) at least one antiperspirant component.

Water-free compositions in the context of the present invention arecompositions which contain less than 5% by weight of water (notincluding water of crystallization), preferably less than 2% by weightof water and more particularly less than 1% by weight of water. Residualwater may emanate from the raw materials used and may therefore beunavoidable.

The C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkyl carbonates, either on their own or in combinationwith additional wax-like substances, have a strong consistency-impartingeffect on various emollients and are therefore particularly suitable foruse in antiperspirant soft solid and stick formulations. Besides thepure consistency-providing properties, extremely homogeneous innerstructures and homogeneous, smooth surface structures are obtained inthe formulations according to the invention. The wax-like C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkylcarbonates improve the overall sensory impression of the water-freeantiperspirant formulation. Thus, greater smoothness and softness of theskin are obtained which leads to an improved care effect. The formationof residues on skin and clothing (“white residue”) is clearly reduced bythe compositions according to the invention so that the products aredistinguished by increased cosmetic acceptance among users. The presentinvention also relates to the use of C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkyl carbonates inantiperspirant formulations, more particularly in water-freeantiperspirant formulations, more particularly for reducing residueformation.

These long-chain dialkyl carbonates may generally be used withconsiderable advantage for the formulation of stick compositions, forexample in make-up sticks, in lipsticks, lip care sticks, sticks withinsect repellent properties or the like.

Dialkyl Carbonates

Dialkyl carbonates which form component (a) are basically knownsubstances. The use of short-chain dialkyl carbonates as liquid oilcomponents in antiperspirant formulations is known, for example, from DE100 02 643. The substances may be prepared in known manner bytransesterification of dimethyl or diethyl carbonate with thecorresponding hydroxy compounds; an overview of relevant processes canbe found, for example, in Chem. Rev. 96, 951 (1996).

Examples of such dialkyl carbonates are the complete, symmetrical ornonsymmetrical transesterification products of dimethyl and/or diethylcarbonate with cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol,isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinylalcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol,arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol andbrassidyl alcohol and the technical mixtures of these alcohols which areobtained, for example, in the high-pressure hydrogenation of technicalmethyl esters based on fats and oils or aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis and as monomer fraction in the dimerization of unsaturatedfatty alcohols. Transesterification products of the lower carbonateswith the alcohols mentioned in the form of their adducts with 1 to 100,preferably 2 to 50 and, more particularly, 5 to 20 mol ethylene oxideare also suitable.

Dialkyl carbonates of formula (I), which are particularly suitable forsolving the problem addressed by the invention, are compounds ofwax-like consistency which are solid at 23° C. Compounds in which R¹ andR² independently of one another represent a linear saturated alkyl groupcontaining 18 to 30 carbon atoms and m and n have a value of 0 areparticularly suitable. Symmetrical dialkyl carbonates where R¹ and R²are identical are preferred, dioctadecyl carbonate being mostparticularly preferred.

Antiperspirant Component

In principle, any astringent salts which reduce perspiration aresuitable as the antiperspirant component (component b). These salts arepreferably astringent aluminium compounds, aluminium zirconium compoundsor zinc salts. Examples include aluminium chloride, aluminiumchlorohydrate, aluminium dichlorohydrate, aluminium sesquichlorohydrateand complex compounds thereof, for example with 1,2-propylene glycol,aluminium hydroxyallantoinate, aluminium chloride tartrate, aluminiumzirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrate,aluminium zirconium pentachlorohydrate and complex compounds thereof,for example with amino acids, such as glycine. Aluminium chlorohydrate,aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminium zirconiumpentachlorohydrate and complex compounds thereof are preferably used.The use of compounds commercially available as Locron® P and Rezal® 36GP is particularly preferred.

The preparations according to the invention preferably contain (a) 0.1to 40% by weight C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkyl carbonates and (b) 5 to 45% by weight ofantiperspirants, more particularly (a) 1 to 30% by weight C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkylcarbonates and (b) 5 to 30% by weight antiperspirants and, in aparticularly preferred embodiment, (a) 2 to 25% by weight C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkylcarbonates and (b) 15 to 30% by weight antiperspirants. After apenetration time of 5 seconds at 23° C., the preparations according tothe invention preferably have a penetration depth of 1.0 to 40.0 mm(Penetrometer PNR 10 Petrotest; Petrotest Instruments GmbH & Bo. KG;microcone: 5.0 g; drop bar: 47.5 g; measuring temperature: 23° C.;measuring time: 5 seconds). The penetration depth is thus a measure ofthe “hardness” or consistency of the antiperspirant. The lower the depthof penetration, the “harder” the antiperspirant.

Waxes

In another preferred embodiment, the compositions according to theinvention contain at least one other wax which contributes towardsoptimizing the sensory properties, the consistency and the stability ofthe sticks. According to the invention, this other wax (for adefinition, see CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon—Version 1.0, Stuttgart/New York:Georg Thieme Verlag 1995) may be selected from any natural and syntheticsubstances of wax-like consistency. These include inter alia fats(triglycerides), mono- and diglycerides, waxes, fatty and wax alcohols,fatty acids, esters of fatty alcohols and also fatty acid amides ormixtures of these substances. They may be present in the compositionsaccording to the invention in a total quantity of 0.1 to 40% by weight,preferably 1 to 30% by weight and more particularly 5 to 20% by weight.

Fats

Fats in the context of the invention are understood to betriacylglycerols, i.e. the triple esters of fatty acids with glycerol.Among the triacylglycerols, those which melt at 30 to 80° C. and moreparticularly at 40 to 60° C. are preferred. The triacylglycerolspreferably contain saturated, unbranched and unsubstituted fatty acidcomponents. They may also be mixed esters, i.e. triple esters ofglycerol with various fatty acids. So-called hardened fats and oilsobtained by partial hydrogenation may be used in accordance with theinvention and are particularly suitable as consistency factors.Vegetable hardened fats and oils, for example hardened castor oil,peanut oil, soybean oil, colza oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil,soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, linseed oil,almond oil, corn oil, olive oil, sesame oil, cocoa butter and coconutfat, are preferred.

Suitable fats are inter alia the triple esters of glycerol with C₁₂₋₆₀fatty acids and in particular C₁₂₋₃₆ fatty acids. These includehydrogenated castor oil, a triple ester of glycerol and a hydroxystearicacid which is marketed, for example, under the name of Cutina® HR. Theuse of hardened oils and fats, more particularly Cutina® HR, ispreferred for the purposes of the invention. Glycerol tristearate,glycerol tribehenate (for example Syncrowax® HRC), glycerol tripalmitateor the triglyceride mixtures known under the name of Syncrowax® HGLC arealso suitable.

Besides the triglycerides, other suitable lipid components are mono- anddiglycerides and mixtures of glycerides. According to the invention,preferred glyceride mixtures include the products Novata® AB and Novata®B (mixture of C₁₂₋₁₈ mono-, di- and triglycerides) and Cutina® MD orCutina® GMS (glyceryl stearate) marketed by Cognis Deutschland GmbH.

Mixed esters and mixtures of mono-, di- and triglycerides areparticularly suitable for the purposes of the invention because theyhave a relatively low tendency towards crystallization and thus improvethe performance of the composition according to the invention.

Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids

Fatty alcohols of wax-like consistency suitable for use in accordancewith the invention include C₁₂₋₅₀ fatty alcohols, more particularlyC₁₂₋₂₄ fatty alcohols obtained from natural fats, oils and waxes suchas, for example, myristyl alcohol, 1-pentadecanol, cetyl alcohol,1-heptadecanol, stearyl alcohol, 1-nonadecanol, arachidyl alcohol,1-heneicosanol, behenyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol,ceryl alcohol or myricyl alcohol and Guerbet alcohols. According to theinvention, saturated, branched or unbranched fatty alcohols arepreferred. Other suitable fatty alcohols are the fatty alcohol cutsobtained in the reduction of naturally occurring fats and oils such as,for example, bovine tallow, peanut oil, colza oil, cottonseed oil,soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm kernel oil, linseed oil, castor oil,corn oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, cocoa butter and coconut oil.However, synthetic alcohols, for example the linear, even-numbered fattyalcohols from Ziegler's synthesis (Alfols®) or the partly branchedalcohols from the oxosynthesis (Dobanols®) may also be used. A preferredembodiment of the composition according to the invention contains atleast one C₁₂₋₁₄ fatty alcohol or a combination of a C₁₂₋₂₄ fattyalcohol and a hardened triglyceride as another wax. The combination ofstearyl alcohol and hydrogenated castor oil is particularly preferred.C₁₄₋₁₈ fatty alcohols marketed for example by Cognis Deutschland GmbHunder the name of Lanette® 16 (C₁₆ alcohol), Lanette® 14 (C₁₄ alcohol),Lanette® O (C_(16/18) alcohol) and Lanette® 22 (C_(18/22) alcohol) areparticularly suitable for the purposes of the invention. Fatty alcoholsgive the compositions a dryer feeling on the skin than triglycerides.

C₁₄₋₄₀ fatty acids or mixtures thereof may be used as additionalwax-like lipid components. These include, for example, myristic,pentadecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachic,behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, melissic, erucic and elaeostearic acid andsubstituted fatty acids such as, for example, 12-hydroxystearic acid,and the amides or monoethanolamides of the fatty acids. This list ismeant to be purely exemplary without any limiting character. Among thefatty acids, 12-hydroxystearic acid is particularly preferred.

Waxes

Waxes suitable for use in accordance with the present invention are, forexample, natural vegetable waxes, such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax,Japan wax, espartograss wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice oil wax, sugarcane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax, sunflower wax, fruit waxes, such asorange waxes, lemon waxes, grapefruit wax, bayberry wax, and animalwaxes such as, for example, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, wool waxand uropygial fat. According to the invention, it can be of advantage touse hydrogenated or hardened waxes. Natural waxes usable in accordancewith the invention also include the mineral waxes, such as ceresine andozocerite for example, or the petrochemical waxes, for examplepetrolatum, paraffin waxes and microwaxes. Other suitable wax componentsare chemically modified waxes, more particularly the hard waxes such as,for example, montan ester waxes, sasol waxes and hydrogenated jojobawaxes. Synthetic waxes usable in accordance with the invention include,for example, wax-like polyalkylene waxes and polyethylene glycol waxes.

The wax component may also be selected from the group of esters ofsaturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/or unbranchedalkanecarboxylic acids and saturated and/or unsaturated, branched and/orunbranched alcohols, from the group of esters of aromatic carboxylicacids, dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylicacids (for example 12-hydroxystearic acid) and saturated and/orunsaturated, branched and/or unbranched alcohols and also from the groupof lactides of long-chain hydroxycarboxylic acids. Wax components suchas these include, for example, C₁₆₋₄₀ alkyl stearates, C₂₀₋₄₀ alkylstearates (for example Kesterwachs® K82H), C₂₀₋₄₀ dialkyl esters ofdimer acids, C₁₈₋₃₈ alkyl hydroxystearoyl stearates or C₂₀₋₄₀ alkylerucates. Other suitable wax components which may be used with advantageare C₃₀₋₅₀ alkyl beeswax, tristearyl citrate, triisostearyl citrate,stearyl heptanoate, stearyl octanoate, trilauryl citrate, ethyleneglycol dipalmitate, ethylene glycol distearate, ethylene glycoldi(12-hydroxystearate), stearyl stearate, palmityl stearate, stearylbehenate, cetyl ester, cetearyl behenate and behenyl behenate. Siliconewaxes may also be used with advantage.

Oil Components

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to theinvention contains at least one oil component. In the context of theinvention, oil components are substances or mixtures of substances whichare liquid at 20° C. and immiscible with water at 25° C. Such substancesinclude, for example, glycerides, hydrocarbons, silicone oils, esteroils, dialkyl(ene) ethers, dialkyl(ene) carbonates liquid at 20° C. ormixtures thereof. The oil components are present in the compositionsaccording to the invention in total quantities of normally less than 95%by weight, preferably 10 to 85% by weight and more particularly 30 to85% by weight, based on the composition as a whole.

Glycerides suitable as oil components in accordance with the inventioninclude fatty acid esters of glycerol liquid at 20° C. which may be ofnatural (animal and vegetable) or synthetic origin. Glycerides aredivided into mono-, di- and triglycerides. They are known substanceswhich may be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organicchemistry. Synthetic glycerides are normally mixtures of mono-, di andtriglycerides which are obtained by transesterification of thecorresponding triglycerides with glycerol or by selective esterificationof fatty acids. Preferred fatty acids for the purposes of the inventionare C₆₋₂₄ fatty acids and, among these, C₆₋₁₈ fatty acids and especiallyC₈₋₁₈ fatty acids. The fatty acids may be branched or unbranched,saturated or unsaturated. According to the invention, it is preferred touse glycerides of vegetable origin liquid at 20° C., more particularlycocoglycerides, a mixture of predominantly di- and triglycerides withC₈₋₁₈ fatty acids marketed under the name of Myritol® 331 by CognisDeutschland GmbH. It is also preferred to use Myritol® 312 (C_(8/10)triglycerides), Cegesoft® PS 17, Cegesoft® GPO, Cegesoft® PFO andCegesoft® PS 6.

A preferred embodiment of the invention contains at least one oilcomponent selected from the group of dialkyl ethers liquid at 20° C. ordialkyl carbonates liquid at 20° C. or a combination of thesesubstances. Oil components such as these provide the compositions withparticularly good skin-care properties and a pleasantly dry feeling onthe skin after application. The combination of a dialkyl ether liquid at20° C. with cyclohexane derivatives is also preferred. A particularlypreferred oil component combination for the compositions according tothe invention contains Cetiol® OE and Cetiol® S.

Other suitable oil components are Guerbet alcohols liquid at 20° C.based on fatty alcohols containing 6 to 18 and preferably 8 to 10 carbonatoms, such as Eutanol® G for example. Liquid esters of linear,saturated or unsaturated C₆₋₂₂ fatty acids with linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols or esters of branchedC₆₋₁₃ carboxylic acids with linear or branched, saturated or unsaturatedC₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols, such as Cetiol® CC for example, may also be usedas oil components in accordance with the invention.

Examples of wax esters liquid at 20° C. include the following typicalrepresentatives: decyl oleate (Cetiol® V), cococaprylate/caprate(Cetiol® SN), hexyl laurate (Cetiol® A), myristyl isostearate, myristyloleate, cetyl isostearate, cetyl oleate, stearyl isostearate, isostearylmyristate, isostearyl palmitate, isostearyl stearate, isostearylisostearate, isostearyl oleate, isostearyl behenate, isostearyl oleate,oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleyl stearate, oleyl isostearate,oleyl oleate (Cetiol® DAB), oleyl behenate, oleyl erucate (Cetiol® J600), behenyl isostearate, erucyl isostearate, erucyl oleate. Alsosuitable are esters of linear C₆₋₂₂ fatty acids with branched alcohols,more particularly 2-ethyl hexanol (Cetiol® 868), esters of branchedC₆₋₂₂ fatty acids with linear alcohols, esters of C₁₈₋₃₈alkylhydroxy-carboxylic acids with linear or branched C₆₋₂₂ fattyalcohols, esters of linear and/or branched fatty acids with polyhydricalcohols (for example propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol)and/or Guerbet alcohols and esters of C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols and/orGuerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, more particularlybenzoic acid, esters of C₂₋₁₂ dicarboxylic acids with linear or branchedalcohols containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms (for example Dioctyl Malate) orpolyols containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.

Other oil components suitable for use in accordance with the inventionare natural and synthetic, aliphatic and/or naphthenic hydrocarbonsliquid at 20° C., such as for example squalane, squalene, paraffin oils,isohexadecane, isoeicosane or polydecenes and dialkyl cyclohexanes(Cetiol®).

According to the invention, other suitable oil components are liquidsilicone oils. The addition of silicone compounds imparts a particularlylight feeling on the skin. The silicone compounds include, for example,dialkyl and alkylaryl siloxanes, such as for example cyclomethicone,dimethyl polysiloxane and methylphenyl polysiloxane and alkoxylated andquaternized analogs thereof. Suitable nonvolatile silicone oils, such asfor example polyalkyl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes and polyethersiloxane copolymers are described in Cosmetics: Science and Technology,eds.: M. Balsam and E. Sagarin, Vol. 1,1972, pp. 27-104, in U.S. Pat.No. 4,202,879 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,069,897. A particularly preferredembodiment of the composition according to the invention additionallycontains at least one oil component selected from the group of volatilesilicone compounds. Volatile compounds in the context of the inventionare compounds which volatilize at body temperature. Suitable volatilesilicone oils, which may be linear, branched or cyclic, are described inTodd et al. “Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics”, Cosmetics andToiletries, pp. 27-32 (1976). Silicone oils containing 3 to 7 and moreparticularly 4 to 6 silicon atoms are preferred for the purposes of theinvention. Particularly preferred are cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes suchas, for example, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane which are known ascyclomethicones. Sensorially, they contribute to a very dry skin feel.They are commercially obtainable from G. E. Silicones as CyclomethiconeD-4 and D-5, from Dow Corning Corp. as Dow Corning® 344, 345 and 244,245, 246, from General Electric Co. as GE® 7207 and 7158. Of the linearvolatile silicones, those containing 1 to 7 and preferably 2 to 3silicon atoms are preferred. The volatile silicones are present in aquantity of 1 to 60% by weight, preferably in a quantity of 1 to 40% byweight and more particularly in a quantity of 10 to 35% by weight.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the composition according to theinvention contains:

-   (a) 1 to 40% by weight of at least one C₁₆₋₆₀ dialkyl carbonate,-   (b) 5 to 45% by weight of at least one antiperspirant component,-   (c) 0.1 to 20% by weight of at least one liquid dialkyl ether and-   (d) 10 to 60% by weight of at least one volatile silicone oil.    Additional Deodorant Components

In order to achieve optimal overall performance, the compositionsaccording to the invention may contain a number of other activesubstances and components which are listed in the following.

Esterase Inhibitors

Where perspiration is present in the axillary region, extracellularenzymes—esterases, preferably proteases and/or lipases—are formed bybacteria, cleave the esters present in the perspiration and thus releaseodor-forming substances. Substances which inhibit enzyme activity andthereby reduce odor formation include trialkyl citrates, such astrimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributylcitrate and, in particular, triethyl citrate (Hydagen® C.A.T., CognisGmbH, Düsseldorf/FRG). The free acid is probably released through thecleavage of the citric acid ester, reducing the pH value of the skin tosuch an extent that the enzymes are inactivated by acylation. Othersubstances suitable as esterase inhibitors are sterol sulfates orphosphates such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterol,stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids andesters thereof, for example glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethylester, glutaric acid diethyl ester, adipic acid, adipic acid monoethylester, adipic acid diethyl ester, malonic acid and malonic acid diethylester, hydroxycarboxylic acids and esters thereof, for example citricacid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl ester and zincglycinate.

The compositions according to the invention may contain the esteraseinhibitors in quantities of 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably inquantities of 0.1 to 10% by weight and more particularly in quantitiesof 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the composition.

Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Components

Typical examples of suitable bactericidal or bacteriostatic componentsare chitosan and phenoxyethanol.5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-phenol, which is marketed under thename of Irgasan® by Ciba-Geigy of Basel, Switzerland, has also proved tobe particularly effective.

Cosmetic deodorants counteract, mask or eliminate body odors. Body odorsare formed through the action of skin bacteria on apocrine perspirationwhich results in the formation of unpleasant-smelling degradationproducts. Accordingly, deodorants contain active principles which act asgerm inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers or odor maskers.Basically, suitable germ inhibitors are any substances which act againstgram-positive bacteria such as, for example, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid andsalts and esters thereof,N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-urea,2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenylether (triclosan),4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol,2,2′-methylene-bis-(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol),3-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol,3-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-propane-1,2-diol, 3-iodo-2-propinyl butylcarbamate, chlorhexidine, 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (TTC),antibacterial perfumes, thymol, thyme oil, eugenol, clove oil, menthol,mint oil, farnesol, phenoxyethanol, glycerol monocaprate, glycerolmonocaprylate, glycerol monolaurate (GML), diglycerol monocaprate (DMC),salicylic acid-N-alkylamides such as, for example, salicylicacid-n-octyl amide or salicylic acid-n-decyl amide.

The compositions according to the invention may contain thebactericidal/bacteriostatic or germ-inhibiting components in quantitiesof 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight and moreparticularly 0.5 to 2% by weight.

Suitable odor absorbers are substances which are capable of absorbingand largely retaining the odor-forming compounds, but are not activeagainst bacteria. They reduce the partial pressure of the individualcomponents and thus also reduce the rate at which they spread. Odorabsorbers should not affect the perfume note of a perfume. They contain,for example, a complex zinc salt of ricinoleic acid or special perfumesof largely neutral odor known to the expert as “fixateurs” such as, forexample, extracts of ladanum or styrax or certain abietic acidderivatives as their principal component. Odor maskers are perfumes orperfume oils which, besides their odor-masking function, impart theirparticular perfume note to the deodorants. Suitable perfume oils are,for example, mixtures of natural and synthetic perfumes. Naturalperfumes include the extracts of blossoms, stems and leaves, fruits,fruit peel, roots, woods, herbs and grasses, needles and branches,resins and balsams. Animal raw materials, for example civet and beaver,may also be used. Typical synthetic perfume compounds are products ofthe ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type.Examples of perfume compounds of the ester type are benzyl acetate,p-tert.butyl cyclohexylacetate, linalyl acetate, phenyl ethyl acetate,linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallylpropionate and benzyl salicylate. Ethers include, for example, benzylethyl ether while aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanalscontaining 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal,citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxy-citronellal,lilial and bourgeonal. Examples of suitable ketones are the ionones andmethyl cedryl ketone. Suitable alcohols are anethol, citronellol,eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol andterpineol. The hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams.However, it is preferred to use mixtures of different perfume compoundswhich, together, produce an agreeable fragrance. Other suitable perfumeoils are essential oils of relatively low volatility which are mostlyused as aroma components. Examples are sage oil, camomile oil, cloveoil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime-blossom oil,juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil, ladanum oiland lavendin oil. The following are preferably used either individuallyor in the form of mixtures: bergamot oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial,lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde,geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, BoisambreneForte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice, citrus oil, mandarin oil,orange oil, allylamyl glycolate, cyclovertal, lavendin oil, clary oil,β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, VertofixCoeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein gamma, phenylaceticacid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romillat, irotyl andfloramat.

Perspiration-Absorbing Substances

Suitable perspiration-absorbing substances are modified starch such as,for example, Dry Flo® Plus (National Starch), silicates, talcum,bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite and other substances of similarmodification which appear suitable for absorbing perspiration.

The compositions according to the invention may contain theperspiration-absorbing substances in quantities of 0.1 to 30% by weight,preferably in quantities of 1 to 20% by weight and more particularly inquantities of 5 to 10% by weight.

Other Optional Ingredients

The antiperspirant compositions according to the invention may contain anumber of other auxiliaries and additives such as, for example,emulsifiers/surfactants, pearlizing waxes, thickeners, stabilizers,polymers, biogenic agents, film formers, solubilizers, hydrotropes,preservatives, perfume oils and perfumes in general, dyes, etc. whichare listed by way of example in the following.

Emulsifiers

The addition of emulsifiers enables small quantities of water-solublesubstances and active components and hydrotropes to be incorporated.

Nonionic emulsifiers are preferred for the purposes of the invention.Nonionic emulsifiers are distinguished by their dermatologicalcompatibility and mildness and by their favorable ecotoxicologicalproperties. Among the nonionic emulsifiers, w/o emulsifiers arepreferred and may be used in a total quantities of 0 to 20% by weight,preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight and more particularly 0.1 to 10% byweight, based on the total weight of the composition.

Nonionic Emulsifiers

The group of nonionic emulsifiers includes:

-   (1) products of the addition of 2 to 50 mol ethylene oxide and/or 0    to 20 mol propylene oxide onto linear fatty alcohols containing 8 to    40 carbon atoms, onto fatty acids containing 12 to 40 carbon atoms    and onto alkylphenols containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl    group;-   (2) C_(12/18) fatty acid monoesters and diesters of products of the    addition of 1 to 50 mol ethylene oxide onto glycerol;-   (3) glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and    diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids containing 6 to 22    carbon atoms and ethylene oxide adducts thereof;-   (4) alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms    in the alkyl group and ethoxylated analogs thereof;-   (5) products of the addition of 7 to 60 mol ethylene oxide onto    castor oil and/or hydrogenated castor oil;-   (6) polyol esters and, in particular, polyglycerol esters such as,    for example, polyolpoly-12-hydroxystearate, polyglycerol    polyricinoleate, polyglycerol diisostearate or polyglycerol    dimerate. Mixtures of compounds from several of these classes are    also suitable;-   (7) products of the addition of 2 to 15 mol ethylene oxide onto    castor oil and/or hydrogenated castor oil;-   (8) partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or    saturated C₆₋₂₂ fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic    acid and glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol,    sugar alcohols (for example sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (for example    methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and    polyglucosides (for example cellulose) or mixed esters, such as    glyceryl stearate citrate and glyceryl stearate lactate for example;-   (9) wool wax alcohols;-   (10) polysiloxane/polyalkyl polyether copolymer or corresponding    derivatives;-   (11) mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and    fatty alcohol according to and/or mixed esters of fatty acids    containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and polyols,    preferably glycerol or polyglycerol, and-   (12) polyalkylene glycols.

The addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide ontofatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol monoesters anddiesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of fatty acids or ontocastor oil are known commercially available products. They are homologmixtures of which the average degree of alkoxylation corresponds to theratio between the quantities of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxideand substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out. Theseemulsifiers are w/o or o/w emulsifiers, depending on the degree ofethoxylation. C_(12/18) fatty acid monoesters and diesters of additionproducts of ethylene oxide onto glycerol are known as lipid layerenhancers for cosmetic preparations.

According to the invention, particularly suitable and mild emulsifiersare the polyol poly-12-hydroxystearates and mixtures thereof marketed byCognis Deutschland GmbH under the name of “Dehymuls® PGPH” (w/oemulsifier) or “Eumulgin® VL 75” (mixture with Coco Glucosides in aratio by weight of 1:1, o/w emulsifier) or “Dehymuls® SBL” (w/oemulsifier). The polyol component of these emulsifiers may be derivedfrom substances which contain at least two, preferably 3 to 12 and moreparticularly 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups and 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

In principle, suitable lipophilic w/o emulsifiers are emulsifiers withan HLB value of 1 to 8 which are listed in numerous Tables and arewell-known to the expert. Some of these emulsifiers are listed, forexample, in Kirk-Othmer, “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology”, 3rdEdition, 1979, Vol. 8, page 913. The HLB value for ethoxylated productsmay also be calculated to the following formula: HLB=(100-L): 5, where Lis the percentage by weight of lipophilic groups, i.e. fatty alkyl orfatty acyl groups, in percent by weight in the ethylene oxide adducts.

Of particular advantage from the group of w/o emulsifiers are partialesters of polyols, more particularly C₃₋₆ polyols, such as for exampleglyceryl monoesters, partial esters of pentaerythritol or sugar esters,for example sucrose distearate, sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitansesquiisostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan triisostearate,sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitantrioleate, sorbitan monoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitandierucate, sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, sorbitansesquiricinoleate, sorbitan diricinoleate, sorbitan triricinoleate,sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, sorbitandihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxy-stearate, sorbitan monotartrate,sorbitan sesquitartrate, sorbitan ditartrate, sorbitan tritartrate,sorbitan monocitrate, sorbitan sesquicitrate, sorbitan dicitrate,sorbitan tricitrate, sorbitan monomaleate, sorbitan sesquimaleate,sorbitan dimaleate, sorbitan trimaleate and technical mixtures thereof.Addition products of 1 to 30 and preferably 5 to 10 mol ethylene oxideonto the sorbitan esters mentioned are also suitable emulsifiers.

In cases where water-soluble active components and/or small quantitiesof water are incorporated, it can also be of advantage additionally touse at least one emulsifier from the group of nonionic o/w emulsifiers(HLB value: 8-18) and/or solubilizers. Examples of such emulsifiers arethe ethylene oxide adducts mentioned at the beginning with acorrespondingly high degree of ethoxylation, for example 10-20 ethyleneoxide units for o/w emulsifiers and 20-40 ethylene oxide units forso-called solubilizers. Particularly advantageous o/w emulsifiers forthe purposes of the invention are Ceteareth-12 and PEG-20 Stearate.Particularly suitable solubilizers are Eumulgin® HRE 40 (INCI name:PEG40 Hydrogenated Castor oil), Eumulgin® HRE 60 (INCI name: PEG-60Hydrogenated Castor Oil), Eumulgin® L (INCI name: PPG-1-PEG-9Laurylglycolether) and Eumulgin® SML 20 (INCI name: Polysorbat-20).

Nonionic emulsifiers from the group of alkyl oligoglycosides areparticularly compatible with the skin. C₈₋₂₂ alkyl mono- andoligoglycosides, their production and their use are known from the priorart. They are produced in particular by reacting glucose oroligosaccharides with primary alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.So far as the glycoside component is concerned, both monoglycosideswhere a cyclic sugar unit is attached to the fatty alcohol by aglycoside bond and oligomeric glycosides with a degree ofoligomerization of preferably up to about 8 are suitable. The degree ofoligomerization is a statistical mean value on which a homologdistribution typical of such technical products is based. Productsavailable under the name of Plantacare® contain a C₈₋₁₆ alkyl groupattached by a glucosidic bond to an oligoglucoside unit with an averagedegree of oligomerization of 1 to 2. The acyl glucamides derived fromglucamine are also suitable nonionic emulsifiers. The product marketedunder the name of Emulgade® PL 68/50 by Cognis Deutschland GmbH, whichis a 1:1 mixture of alkyl polyglucosides and fatty alcohols, ispreferred for the purposes of the invention. According to the invention,the mixture of Lauryl Glucoside, Polyglyceryl-2-Dipolyhydroxystearate,glycerol and water which is marketed as Eumulgin® VL 75 may also be usedwith advantage in accordance with the invention.

Suitable pearlizing waxes are, for example, alkylene glycol esters,especially ethylene glycol distearate; fatty acid alkanolamides,especially cocofatty acid diethanolamide; partial glycerides, especiallystearic acid monoglyceride; esters of polybasic, optionallyhydroxysubstituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols containing 6 to22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; fattycompounds, such as for example fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fattyaldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates which contain in all atleast 24 carbon atoms, especially laurone and distearylether; fattyacids, such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ringopening products of olefin epoxides containing 12 to 22 carbon atomswith fatty alcohols containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and/or polyolscontaining 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups and mixturesthereof.

Suitable other thickeners are, for example, Aerosil® types (hydrophilicsilicas), polysaccharides, more especially xanthan gum, guar-guar,agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose andhydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl cellulose, also relatively high molecularweight polyethylene glycol monoesters and diesters of fatty acids,polyacrylates (for example Carbopols® and Pemulen types [Goodrich];Synthalens® [Sigma]; Keltrol types [Kelco]; Sepigel types [Seppic];Salcare types [Allied Colloids]), polyacrylamides, polymers, polyvinylalcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Other consistency factors which haveproved to be particularly effective are bentonites, for example Bentone®Gel VS-5PC (Rheox) which is a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane,Disteardimonium Hectorite and propylene carbonate. Other suitablethickeners are surfactants such as, for example, ethoxylated fatty acidglycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols, for examplepentaerythritol or trimethylol propane, narrow-range fatty alcoholethoxylates or alkyl oligoglucosides and electrolytes, such as sodiumchloride and ammonium chloride.

Superfatting agents may be selected from such substances as, forexample, lanolin and lecithin and also polyethoxylated or acylatedlanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters,monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides, the fatty acidalkanolamides also serving as foam stabilizers.

Metal salts of fatty acids such as, for example, magnesium, aluminiumand/or zinc stearate or ricinoleate may be used as stabilizers.

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulosederivatives such as, for example, the quaternized hydroxyethyl celluloseobtainable from Amerchol under the name of Polymer JR 400®, cationicstarch, copolymers of diallyl ammonium salts and acrylamides,quaternized vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl imidazole polymers such as, forexample, Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols andamines, quaternized collagen polypeptides such as, for example,Lauryldimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen (Lamequat® L, Grunau),quaternized wheat poly-peptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic siliconepolymers such as, for example, amodimethicone, copolymers of adipic acidand dimethylamino-hydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine (Cartaretine®,Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyl diallyl ammoniumchloride (Merquat® 550, Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides and crosslinkedwater-soluble polymers thereof, cationic chitin derivatives such as, forexample, quaternized chitosan, optionally in microcrystallinedistribution, condensation products of dihaloalkyls, for exampledibromobutane, with bis-dialkylamines, for examplebis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum such as, for example,Jaguar®CBS, Jaguar®C-17, Jaguar®C-16 of Celanese, quaternized ammoniumsalt polymers such as, for example, Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1,Mirapol® AZ-1 of Miranol.

Suitable anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers are,for example, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate/butylmaleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinylether/maleicanhydride copolymers and esters thereof, uncrosslinked andpolyol-crosslinked polyacrylic acids, acrylamido-propyltrimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers, octylacryl-amide/methylmethacrylate/tert.-butylaminoethyl methacrylate/2-hydroxy-propylmethacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate/vinyl caprolactam terpolymers and optionally derivatizedcellulose ethers and silicones.

The preparations according to the invention may contain a number ofantioxidants which perform a protective function. Typical examples areamino acids (for example glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophane) andderivatives thereof, imidazoles (for example urocanic acid) andderivatives thereof, peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine,L-carnosine and derivatives thereof (for example anserine), carotinoids,carotenes (for example α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and derivativesthereof, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, liponic acid andderivatives thereof (for example dihydroliponic acid), aurothioglucose,propylthiouracil and other thiols (for example thioredoxine,glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and glycosyl, N-acetyl,methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl,γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof) and their salts,dilaurylthiodipropionate, distearylthiodipropionate, thiodipropionicacid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids,nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (forexample butionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, butioninesulfones, penta-, hexa- and hepta-thionine sulfoximine) in very smallcompatible dosages (for example pmol to μmol/kg), also (metal) chelators(for example α-hydroxyfatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid,lactoferrine), α-hydroxy acids (for example citric acid, lactic acid,malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin,biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acidsand derivatives thereof (for example γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid,oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone andubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives thereof(for example ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbylacetate), tocopherols and derivatives (for example vitamin E acetate),vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoateof benzoin resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylidene glucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butyl hydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiac resin acid,nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid andderivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, superoxidedismutase, zinc and derivatives thereof (for example ZnO, ZnSO₄),selenium and derivatives thereof (for example selenium methionine),stilbenes and derivatives thereof (for example stilbene oxide,trans-stilbene oxide) and derivatives of these active substancessuitable for the purposes of the invention (salts, esters, ethers,sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids).

In the context of the invention, biogenic agents which may be present inthe preparations according to the invention are, for example,tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid,(deoxy)ribonucleic acid and fragmentation products thereof, β-glucans,retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, aminoacids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts, forexample prunus extract, bambara nut extract, and vitamin complexes.

Typical film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystallinechitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acidseries, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid andsalts thereof and similar compounds.

In addition, hydrotropes, for example ethanol, isopropyl alcohol orpolyols, may be used to improve flow behavior. Suitable polyolspreferably contain 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxylgroups. The polyols may contain other functional groups, more especiallyamino groups, or may be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

-   -   glycerol;    -   alkylene glycols such as, for example, ethylene glycol,        diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene        glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight        of 100 to 1000 dalton;    -   technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of        self-condensation of 1.5 to 10 such as, for example, technical        diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by        weight;    -   methylol compounds such as, in particular, trimethylol ethane,        trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, pentaerythritol and        dipentaerythritol;    -   lower alkyl glucosides, particularly those containing 1 to 8        carbon atoms in the alkyl group, for example methyl and butyl        glucoside;    -   sugar alcohols containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example        sorbitol or mannitol,    -   sugars containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example glucose or        sucrose;    -   amino sugars, for example glucamine;    -   dialcoholamines, such as diethanolamine or        2-aminopropane-1,3-diol.

Suitable dyes are any of the substances suitable and approved forcosmetic purposes. Examples include cochineal red A (C.I. 16255), patentblue V (C.I. 42051), indigotin (C.I. 73015), chlorophyllin (C.I. 75810),quinoline yellow (C.I. 47005), titanium dioxide (C.I. 77891),indanthrene blue RS(C.I. 69800) and madder lake (C.I. 58000). Luminolmay also be present as a luminescent dye. These dyes are normally usedin concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as awhole.

EXAMPLES

TABLE 1 Antiperspirant formulations: quantities in % by weight of thecommercially available substance, based on the composition as a wholeIngredients/INCI V1 V2 V3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lanette ® 18 20.0 16.0 — — 4.0 — —— Cutina ® HR — 4.0 — — 4.0 2.0 — — 4.0 Edenor ® OSSG — — 12.0 — — —10.0 8.0 — Gelatinization agent GP1 ® — — — — — — — 2.0Dioctadecylcarbonat — — — 20.0 16.0 8.0 4.0 4.0 16.0 Dow Corning ® DC245 33.0 33.0 37.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 33.0 Cetiol ® OE 9.0 9.010.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 Cetiol ® S 15.0 15.0 18.0 15.0 15.0 18.018.0 18.0 15.0 Panthenol Rezal ® 36 GP 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 — 23.023.0 23.0 Locron ® P — — — — — 23.0 — — — Evaluation Penetration depth[mm] 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.0 8.1 4.4 4.2 4.3 Structure 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1Stability 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 White residue 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Sensoryimpression 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1Depth of Penetration:

Penetrometer PNR 10 Petrotest (Petrotest Instruments GmbH & Co. KG);microcone: 5.0 g; drop bar: 47.5 g; measuring temperature: 23° C.;penetration time: 5 seconds.

Sensory Evaluation:

The sensory evaluation of the formulations is based on a scale of 1(very good) to 5 (unsatisfactory). The structure was visually evaluatedfor particle fineness and smoothness. Stability was evaluated by storagetests over a period of 12 weeks at temperatures of −5° C. to 45° C.White residue was visually determined by application to colorless filmsand the skin of the forearm.

Antiperspirant formulations 1 to 6 according to the invention based onthe long-chain dialkyl carbonates show distinctly better propertyprofiles than Comparison Examples C1 to C3.

Appendix

-   -   1) Cetiol® OE        -   INCI: Dicaprylyl Ether        -   Manufacturer: Cognis Deutschland GmbH    -   2) Cetiol® S        -   INCI: Diethylhexylcyclohexane        -   Manufacturer: Cognis Deutschland GmbH    -   3) Cutina® HR        -   INCI: Hydrogenated Castor Oil        -   Manufacturer: Cognis Deutschland GmbH    -   4) Dow Corning® 245        -   INCI: Cyclomethicone        -   Manufacturer: Dow Corning    -   5) Edenor® OSSG        -   INCI: 12-Hydroxystearic Acid        -   Manufacturer: Cognis Deutschland GmbH    -   6) Gellant® GP1        -   INCI: Dibutyl Lauroyl Glutamide        -   Manufacturer: Ajinomoto    -   7) Lanette® 18        -   INCI: Stearyl Alcohol        -   Manufacturer: Cognis Deutschland GmbH    -   8) Locron® P        -   INCI: Aluminium Chlorohydrate        -   Manufacturer: Clariant    -   9) Rezal® 36 GP        -   INCI: Aluminium Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex GLY        -   Manufacturer: Reheis

1-12. (canceled)
 13. An antiperspirant composition comprising: (a) atleast one dialkyl carbonate corresponding to formula I:

wherein R¹ and R² represent a linear or branched, alkyl and/or alkenyl,group containing from about 16 to 60 carbon atoms, and n and m,independently of one another, represent a number up to 100; (b) at leastone antiperspirant component; (c) optionally, a wax component other thanthe dialkyl carbonate; and (d) optionally, an oil component, and whereinthe composition contains less than about 5% by weight, based on theweight of the composition, of water.
 14. The composition of claim 13wherein the composition contains less than about 2% by weight of water.15. The composition of claim 13 wherein the dialkyl carbonate is presentin the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to 40% by weight,based on the weight of the composition.
 16. The composition of claim 13wherein the dialkyl carbonate is present in the composition in an amountof from about 1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of thecomposition.
 17. The composition of claim 13 wherein the antiperspirantcomponent is present in the composition in an amount of from about 5 to30% by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
 18. Thecomposition of claim 13 wherein the dialkyl carbonate is dioctadecylcarbonate.
 19. The composition of claim 13 wherein the composition has adepth of penetration of from about 1.0 to 40.0 mm after 5 seconds at 23°C.
 20. The composition of claim 13 comprising: (a) from about 1 to 40%by weight of the dialkyl carbonate; (b) from about 5 to 45% by weight ofthe antiperspirant component; (c) from about 0.1 to 20% by weight of adialkyl ether and/or dialkyl carbonate, other than the dialkyl carbonateof formula I; and (d) from about 10 to 60% by weight of a volatilesilicone oil, all weights being based on the weight of the composition.21. A process for treating human skin comprising contacting the skinwith a composition containing: (a) at least one dialkyl carbonatecorresponding to formula I:

wherein R¹ and R² represent a linear or branched, alkyl and/or alkenyl,group containing from about 16 to 60 carbon atoms, and n and m,independently of one another, represent a number up to 100; (b) at leastone antiperspirant component; (c) optionally, a wax component other thanthe dialkyl carbonate; and (d) optionally, an oil component, and whereinthe composition contains less than about 5% by weight, based on theweight of the composition, of water.
 22. The process of claim 21 whereinthe composition contains less than about 2% by weight of water.
 23. Theprocess of claim 21 wherein the dialkyl carbonate is present in thecomposition in an amount of from about 0.1 to 40% by weight, based +onthe weight of the composition.
 24. The process of claim 21 wherein thedialkyl carbonate is present in the composition in an amount of fromabout 1 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the composition. 25.The process of claim 21 wherein the antiperspirant component is presentin the composition in an amount of from about 5 to 30% by weight, basedon the weight of the composition.
 26. The process of claim 21 whereinthe dialkyl carbonate is dioctadecyl carbonate.
 27. The process of claim21 wherein the composition has a depth of penetration of from about 1.0to 40.0 mm after 5 seconds at 23° C.
 28. The process of claim 21 whereinthe composition contains: (a) from about 1 to 40% by weight of thedialkyl carbonate; (b) from about 5 to 45% by weight of theantiperspirant component; (c) from about 0.1 to 20% by weight of adialkyl ether and/or dialkyl carbonate, other than the dialkyl carbonateof formula I; and (d) from about 10 to 60% by weight of a volatilesilicone oil, all weights being based on the weight of the composition.